This said and the information disclosed must be seriously considered…

This said and the information disclosed must be seriously considered and action taken as appropriate. Motivation
Enthusiasm is the outward sign of motivation; without motivation, efficiency wanes, productivity falls and inaccuracies develop.
Either the manager must be able to create an environment that stimulates self-motivation, or his leadership qualities must be such that enthusiasm is automatically generated within the practice or department.
Although it is not always possible to match jobs perfectly with aptitude, use should be made of the strength and expertise of senior staff in the jobs to which they are best suited; their enthusiasm will spread to assistants and a higher level of general motivation will result.
Whether problems increase as enthusiasm wanes is not easy to measure, but every office will inevitably have its share of problem jobs and loss leaders.
The quality of an individual’s performance will certainly be reduced when job progress is frustrated either owing to poor internal organisation and resources or to external factors beyond the surveyor’s control. Job satisfaction is a key element in the motivation of the professional.
So also are promotional prospects, and future managers within the practice should be identified and given suitable training in order to equip them for greater responsibility.
Efforts should always be rewarded and whilst good salary levels are essential to retain the right calibre of staff, bonus payments for exceptional effort or particular success will be rewarded by increased motivation. Job Control
It would be unthinkable to build a machine without controls to regulate its speed and direction.
Likewise any project or assignment needs a system of control to ensure that it proceeds in the manner designed.
Controls, however, are in themselves useless unless they trigger an appropriate response to permit changes to be made.
This demands an organisation and control system that channels information to the right people at the right time.
The designer of any control system should bear in mind that controls influence the way people think and talk, act and react.
Because they measure performance and they touch upon people’s sensitivities and self-interest.
While there are some “off the shelf” packages which can be employed to assist in time and cost controls and there are no comprehensive programmes which can simply be applied to every surveying job, basically because no two are entirely alike.
The following sections therefore set out to identify key issues which should be borne in mind when designing job control systems to suit the organisation and individual assignment. Formulation of Detailed Work Programme
Before any job can be controlled it must first be analysed into its component parts.
Each task should be identified and its position in the overall project established.
A bar chart can often be a useful format for listing tasks in a clear visual manner and showing them against the time-frame of the overall project.
Interrelated tasks should be linked in order to reflect areas where performance and time-scale may be critical.
The key to identification of tasks is the correct breaking-down of the job in sufficient detail to enable crucial steps to be listed, but not in such detail that minute functions ” of little significance ” are overemphasised.

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The female executive’s cause has a sympathetic supporter in up-and-coming industrialist…

The female executive’s cause has a sympathetic supporter in up-and-coming industrialist Dryson.
“In my experience,” he says, “women bring to business a set of values, a level of commitment and a willingness to act on intuition which today’s businesses need.
And they do this in an atmosphere which is often biased against them, and which requires sacrifices that are not expected of men. Their courage should be recognised and supported.”
The VGA findings are defined under 30 headings (see bar chart on page 69) ranging from “persuasiveness”, “modesty” and “enjoys analysing people”to “emotional control”, “challenges assumptions”and “ambition”.
One other, called “non-conformity of replies”, measures the accuracy of all the others.
Its extremely low rating suggests that the answers given were open, honest and highly reliable.
Four crucial aptitudes were also judged: verbal critical reasoning, applied numerical skills and spatial reasoning and diagrammatic reasoning (general reasoning skills based on symbolic information).
Common characteristics and differences between men and women are grouped under eight headings: Leadership qualities
Similarities .
When it comes to emulating Sir John Harvey-Jones and the men and women tested match each other stride for stride ” and are far in front of the average manager.
Both direct and organise with ease and are prepared to take charge of situations.
They are independent and let their opinions be known, even if they are unpopular.
Both are comfortable in most situation, even unusual ones (such as, Hamilton-Phillips says, having to address a meeting of striking workers, give a press conference, or talk about the state of the company to institutional investors).
Both groups aim for commitment and loyalty and, at least intellectually and tolerate different views and ways of life. Men and women alike listen to others’ ideas and sympathise with their problems. Differences .
Men are more high-powered and enjoy selling, persuading and changing other people’s opinions.
They influence the outcome of discussions and persuade others of their point of view more than women do.
They also appear slightly more confident and enjoy leading groups, giving speeches and presentations.
They like being the centre of attention, are more narcissistic, and more likely to hold forth about their achievements. Women are often prepared to make decisions on their own.
This ability to act, without feeling a need to consult others, is in marked contrast to men, who feel obliged to favour the group decision. Examining facts and figures
Similarities .

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Indeed there are.

Indeed there are.
But we have to look carefully and dispassionately to find them.
We can classify the truly effective tonics into two groups: those of traditional herbal origin, and those made or isolated by chemicals in more recent times. Of the herbal tonics and restoratives, we have lost many.
But one that has surfaced in recent years is ginseng and the root of the araliaceous plant,Panax ginseng .
This plant, a relative of ivy and indigenous to the temperate mountains of the Far East, has been used continually for some 5000 years in the Orient as a tonic and restorative and preventive remedy. Indeed, it is one of the most highly prized all Chinese medicines.
It is recommended for tired, mildly depressed, convalescent and particularly old people.
Athletes, including Sebastian Coe, and cosmonauts are among well-known users of ginseng today.
There are several other plants related to ginseng pharmacologically, chemically and botanically.
For example Eleutherococcus senticosus is used widely as a tonic in the USSR, and is available in Soviet hospitals for people undergoing surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy and to improve their resistance and aid their recovery (New Scientist , vol 87, p 576).
These plants, unlike the earlier tonics, have the backing of a large amount of experimental and clinical data.
This is despite the obvious difficulties of devising experiments to test the effects of the substances on the performance of normal organisms rather than the cure of sick ones.
Four recent clinical studies in America and Europe and show improvements in mood, performance and stamina produced by ginseng.
These follow hundreds of published studies reporting biochemical and behavioural effects in animals.
Two highly productive lines of research demonstrate that ginseng increases the efficiency both of adrenal cortical reactions to stress, and of the production of energy during exhaustive physical work.
It is not yet known how the active components of ginseng, compounds called triterpenoidal saponins, achieve these effects, although by analogy with the related steroidal saponins and such as digitalis and they may act on specific cell membranes.
Other tonic or stimulatory plants have been occasionally investigated but the field is ripe for further research.
Thujone and the main constituent of sage, is now known to have mild stimulatory properties.
Kawain from kava kava (Piper methysricum), and catlimore from the Yemini plant khat (Carha edulis), are examples of new stimulatory substances.
Several interesting compounds have been isolated from traditional health-promoting plants such as liquorice and spikenard and the jujube, and senega, as well as many Far Eastern or Indian plants, which do not have European common names.
The active components tend to be compounds called liguans and terpenoidal saponins or simple phenols.
As far as the true chemical tonics are concerned and there are several kinds of active substances available, although most of them are not well known.
Panganic acid, an ester of dimethylglycine, was first isolated from rice in 1948 by Hans Krebs, a chief chemist of the National Cancer Institute.
He called it vitamin 51B, which was unfortunate because proof of its vitamin status was never found and that raised the hackles of the regulatory authorities in the US.
Nevertheless some clinical and experimental work has indicated that panganic acid can increase the stamina and performance of athletes.
Glenn Shue, a nutritionist with the FDA and summarised the work in a report that denied that the acid is a vitamin.

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Historic aircraft also on show at…

Historic aircraft also on show at Weybridge centre
Duesenberg loaned by “Jenks” of Motor Sport
In order to survive and the museum has been commercialised ” in the best possible taste, of course.
There are conference rooms and restaurants and tea rooms and you can even hire the Sultan of Oman’s VC10 for small, intimate receptions… Recent customers include Rolls-Royce, Renault, Rover and Mitsubishi. There’s also a museum shop stocked with souvenirs and Brooklands memorabilia.
The museum is open from 10am to 4pm on Saturdays and Sundays, but with guided, prebooked tours from Tuesday to Thursday.
The entry fee is £3.50 for adults, £1.50 for children, and there’s plenty of free parking.
Brooklands is also proving a popular venue for owners’ club meetings of all descriptions. More details of these and other special events.
A week in the life of Bentley Brooklands
Bob Murray finds out how well a big green luxury saloon stands up to the strain of chauffeuring a discerning family of four around France FRIDAY
The Bentley arrives today!
No, it’s not often we can say that.
And when we do, it pressages a lot of mixed emotions.
to hell with all of them.
Better to think of it as a big, V8-powered luxury automatic saloon of unique character and style that, at £91,500, costs about what a Mercedes dealer will take off you for a V12 Mercedes S-class with a few extra bits.

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Recurrent Candida (‘thrush’) infections in the…

Recurrent Candida (‘thrush’) infections in the throat or vagina Recurrent cystitis, not due to bacterial infection
Recurrent fungal infections of the skin
Craving for sweet foods (this can also be caused by hypoglycaemia and see p 130) ALAN
Alan developed a severe throat infection after swimming in the sea near a polluted stretch of beach.
He was treated with antibiotics and his throat healed, but soon afterwards he developed red itchy bumps all over his body ” nettle-rash.
He asked the doctor if the two events might be connected but was told this was most unlikely.
The nettle-rash got somewhat better in time, but it continued to bother him at regular intervals for the next 20 years.
In his forties it grew worse and he decided to see a specialist When Alan mentioned that he had taken a lot of antibiotics just before the urticaria began and the specialist suggested that he try a diet with no sugar and very little starch. At the same time he was given a course of anti-fungal drugs.
The nettle ” rash cleared up promptly and has not returned and suggesting that it was due to overgrowth of Candida in the gut as the specialist had suspected.
Rather than toxins, it may be the yeast’s waste product, acetaldehyde and that is causing problems.
This is a small chemical molecule that the yeast produces when it ferments sugar ” in the same way that brewer’s yeast produces alcohol.
If enough acetaldehyde passed into the blood, it might alter the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, and this could affect the amount of oxygen reaching the brain.

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There are so many things that might…

There are so many things that might be incorporated in to “fear of strangers”, or “attachment”, or “intelligence” and that to propose that it is somehow “multi-determined” misses the point. “Determined” is the wrong word.
The elements of behavioural repertoires are resources actively mustered by self-directing organisms.
An over-ambitious social physics, albeit statistically sophisticated, would give an oddly flat theory of social relationships precisely because unique, yet meaningful, patterns would be smoothed out under general statistical laws.
We may not be very interested in tracing the history of collisions a given atom has with other atoms, as one atom is very much like another.
But the knotted tensions between people and groups of people give us plenty to think about.
And though we often generalise, calling one person more or less intelligent or fearful, we know that our appreciation of these qualities is rooted in our knowledge of the context in which the intelligent action or fearful response was made, and also in the history of its development.
The treatment of social beings as colliding billiard balls must ignore important idiosyncrasies.
Individuals do not move through a smooth physical vacuum; they negotiate structured social contexts in company with other individuals. Can you measure a social relationship?
Of course, anything that can have a name put to it can be measured more or less usefully. But by the same token, it can be understood more or less differently.
The examples of splitting and lumping therefore, are not alternative ways of doing the same thing.
Although they use the same subject matter and the stories they tell about it may not match.
Measurements are “objective” inasmuch as scientists agree on the thumb to be used as the ruler.
Primatologist Emil Megel at the State University, New York, at Stoney Brook, concluded a conference on methods in the analysis of social interaction by asking workers to “develop and refine methods which explicitly recognise and exploit and rather than attempt to eliminate and the observer’s prescientific, intuitive and global forms of judgement…
The key issue is not how to reduce the observer’s role to zero (or even to an absolute minimum) but simply how to render it at least as explicit, as clear, and as quantitatively specifiable as any other aspect of the system under study and so that other observers will know how to look at the same phenomena from the same perspective and should they care to do so.” Can we save the Chesapeake Bay?
Christopher Joyce

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Perhaps this is a reflection of the problems that have plagued…

Perhaps this is a reflection of the problems that have plagued nuclear fission.
In Britain at least we have spent two decades arguing about what type of nuclear reactor to build. Could it be that the fusion community is trying to solve this problem early on?
Or could it be that the front-runner in the fusion race does not look very promising as the basis of a reactor?
The debate is about what sort of magnetic container to build to hold together the incredibly hot gas (plasma) in which fusion can take place.
The topic was the focus of a meeting held at Erice in Italy in March 1981, and this book collects the papers on alternatives to the tokamaks that at present dominate fusion. Naturally there is a paper on the tokamak.
The problem with this ” magnetic doughnut” is that you have to build a huge machine to produce the energy needed for a power station.
Indeed and the machine is so massive that a tokamak reactor would need something like 17 times as much material to produce the same power output as a pressurised-water reactor.
Is it any wonder then and that fusion researchers are looking for more efficient fusion machines?
Unfortunately, as this book points out and some of the alternatives may look good on paper but they have a long way to go before they can match the tokamak. To a certain extent these papers give an over gloomy impression.
That is partly because the editors have not included anything on the “mainstream” alternatives to the tokamak ” stellarators and tandem mirrors for example As the title says and the book is devoted to unconventional approaches ” some would use the word “eccentric”" to fusion.
The approaches have names like extrap, linus, intrap and spheromak (billed as speromak on the contents page). Most have yet to make the transition from paper to hardware.
None but the dedicated fusion watcher would want to read what is essentially a conference report, even though it does contain a scattering of important insights into the prospects for fusion.
But at least the fusion community needs such volumes to remind it that at the end of the day the scientific juggling will come to nothing if it does not lead to a convenient and not too expensive source of electricity. Who puts the tingle into music?

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“Did you ever really dislike your children?” a mother…

“Did you ever really dislike your children?” a mother of two teenage daughters asked me recently. She went on to admit, “I feel guilty, but I dislike them intensely at times.
I dread the mornings ” wondering how they will come down ” either sweet and reasonable or downright objectionable.”
A good many parents know exactly how she felt and could echo the same sentiments.
But the adolescent years are not wholly fraught with stormy scenes, misery and rebellion.
Many parents find themselves pleasantly surprised when the difficult stage passes with the minimum number of crises and heartbreaks.
The worst part of having children nearing their teens may be the fear of what is in store.
Other parents do their best to frighten the life out of those who have not arrived at this stage, with doom-laden tales of trouble and strife. “It gets much worse as they get older,” they warn darkly.
As well as being a tactless comment, it is an exaggerated and often untrue one.
I found the early years far harder to cope with than the teens and others often agree with me.
Certainly, parents who have had easy babies and amenable children may be unprepared for the changed behaviour that can characterize adolescence.
There are also some people who “specialize” in babies and young children and they may find it less easy to empathize with teenagers and handle them wisely.
But many parents will welcome the arrival of the time when it is possible to share interests and to talk together in a more adult way.
There are so many compensations for everyone in the family during the teenage years that it is a grave mistake to look on the black side. To fear the worst may be to have those fears come true.
No rites of passage?
In most tribal societies the transition from childhood to adulthood is clearly defined by “rites of passage”.
Initiation ceremonies of one kind or another mark the end of childhood and the acceptance of the boy or girl as an adult into the tribe.
In our own society there is no such clear transition from childhood to adult life.
The onset of puberty may occur as early as eleven or twelve and cannot be reckoned as the sign of having reached adult status.
A young person officially comes of age at eighteen but, when so many go on to higher education and training after leaving school, even that does not mark the end of dependence on parents or state.
To add to the uncertainty and the age at which a person is considered old enough to vote may be different from that at which they are allowed to marry or fight for their country.
If society is so confused about the age at which a person becomes an adult, it is not surprising if there are differences of opinion within the family too.
Many of the rows and heartaches in the home crop up because adolescents think they are grown-up but the parents don’t agree.
Young people are keen to be granted the privileges of being adult, while parents major on the responsibilities involved.

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That, plus the devastating reputation of a man who,

That, plus the devastating reputation of a man who, uniquely in the 20th century and shattered the myth that intellectuals always avoid the action. It was a stupid misjudgement .
When I did come to know Koestler I found him electrifying but not at all intimidating.
Even during recent years of poor health, his outstanding qualities were riveting charm and mental vitality.
Small, compact, puckish, he had the aura of an insatiably inquisitive vole, continually turning over ideas, playing with them, and challenging you to come clean about what you thought.
Sharing a glass of whisky with him in his Montpelier Square home, you were liable to be quizzed about theories of antibody formation, David Bohm’s work, or any one of 101 other topical issues that had caught his attention. He had strong opinions.
But his curiosity about what others were doing was itself astonishingly forceful. Koestler was, of course, a journalist, proud of that epithet.
After serving as a foreign correspondent in the Middle East and Paris, he took up a new job in Berlin on the very day in 1930 when the Reichstag election heralded unprecedented barbarism in Europe.
As he later recalls, in Arrow in the Blue , “the arrival of a new science editor at that particular moment struck them as exceedingly funny”.
But so it was that this Hungarian son of a would-be inventor moved towards his abiding preoccupation with scientific ideas.
And just as Koestler the man seemed devoid of small talk and so too all the writings that followed were pertinent and direct, never trivial or sloppy.
The Sleepwalkers must be unrivalled as a scholarly history which has also aroused life-long interest in science among many youngsters.
The Case of the Midwife Toad is a controversial but brilliant account of the Paul Kammerer affair.
And Beyond Reductionism (edited with J. R. Smythies) reviews notions and ridiculed at the time and that are already being recognised as a valuable corrective to some simplistic paradigms of biology in the late 1960s. Many of these writings have attracted hostility.
One recalls Peter Medawar’s opening line (” Arthur Koestler is a very clever and knowledgeable and inventive man, and The Act of Creation is very clever too”) largely for the blast that followed. But Koestler’s replies have invariably upstaged the most erudite critics.
And, despite appearances it is questionable whether he always wanted to prove his case to the hilt.
Far better and surely and to be remembered as one who scorned a wealth of speculations which were constructive and exciting.
I like to compare him with a footballing genius, putting through passes others are too slow to take, and making moves that would be brilliant if only the rules were different. And I shall remember his courage.
“Reason tells us ” when not choked by panic ” that before we were born we were all dead, and that our post-mortem condition is no more frightening than the pre-natal twilight,” he wrote in EXIT’s Self Deliverance .

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Because of cultural, family or personality factors many people…

Because of cultural, family or personality factors many people may suppress their grief, but allowing grief to be expressed often reduces its intensity or duration. 2.
Anger , which may not be expressed because of personality factors and such as excessive control, or fear of the consequences.
In a continuing relationship the expression of anger sometimes needs to be encouraged by the therapist to allow the partners to improve other aspects of their relationship.
If anger follows the break-up of a relationship and the therapist may encourage its expression and explain that it is a normal and healthy reaction. Contracting
The patient may improve his chances of achieving a goal by entering into a contract with himself or someone else.
Thus in a self-contract he may make a contract such as”if at the end of the week I have gone without a drink, or lost x lbs in weight, I can buy myself…”.
In a couple or family contract the patient and his partner, for example, may undertake to do things on a reciprocal basis (e.g. a husband agrees to organize weekly social outings for he and his wife, while she agrees to tell him when she is feeling distressed and rather than keeping her feelings to herself).
However, couple contracts are more likely to succeed if they are not directly reciprocal.
Thus and the partners should decide what each needs to do to improve the relationship and then attempt to make these changes, without the behaviour of one being entirely contingent on whether or not the other partner does what was agreed.
Contracting may be effective because it makes evasion difficult, facilitates communication, and offers rewards to the patient.
The therapist’s role is to instigate contracts and to encourage their implementation [see Chapter 8 of Stuart (1980) for further details of contractual therapy with couples]. Providing information
A therapist will often need to provide patients with information on the basis of his professional knowledge (e.g. explaining the side-effects of psychotropic medication).